J3633 


TWELVE  OLD  r 

HOUSES  West  Of 
CHESAPEAKE  BAY 


MONOGRAPH 
5ERIE5 

ON  SUBJECTS 

PERTAINING 

TO  ARCHITEC 

TURE  &  ALU 

ED  INTERESTS 


PUBLISHED  BY  ROGERS  AND  MANSON  COMPANY 

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IT  IS   THE  PROPERTY   OF 


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rJVELVE 


OLD    HOUSES 


WESl    OF 


C  H  ESAPEAK  E     BAY 

MEASURED  DRAWINGS  ^ND  TEXT  BT 


Edited  and  published  with  the  purpose  of  furthering 
a  wider  knowledge  of  the  beautiful  forms  of  Do- 
mestic Architecture  developed  during  the  time  of  the 
COLOJ^ES  and  the  early  days  of  the  T^EPUBLIC 

PUBLISHED  /JA(^BOSTON,  MASSACHUSETTS 
®r  ROGERS  AND    MANSON    COMPANY 

MCMXVIII 

COPYRIGHT,  1931 

ARROW  BOOK  COMPANY 


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C^fyright-t  IQtBy  h  Rogers  and  Manton  Com^any^  Boston^  Mass. 


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TWELVE     OLD     HOUSES 

IFEST   OF  CHES^TE^KF    "B^T 

By  ADDISON   F.   WORTHINGTON 

WE  can  picture  details  of  luxury  surrounding  Maryland's  bachelor  gov- 
ernor at  Whitehall.     His   contemporaries   at  Mt.  Airy  down  on  the 
Rappahannock  must  have  had  their  share  too;  likewise  at  Rosewell 
on  the  York,  and  at  Westover  on  the  James.     However,  it  is  safe  to  say  that 
the  life  of  the  average  planter  was  hardly  more  than  one  of  simple  and  plain 
abundance. 

Almost  from  the  beginning  the  Marylanders  and  Virginians  were  lovers 
of  the  soil.  Towns  as  centers  of  social  and  political  life  were  few.  Indians 
as  a  rule  had  been  friendly,  and  it  was  safe  for  settlers  to  take  up  grants  along 
the  innumerable  rivers,  where  land  was  most  fertile  and  where  tobacco  could 
be  shipped  off  so  readily  from  private  wharves. 

This  planter  life  weakened  the  political  spirit  that  knits  men  together 
for  a  common  purpose,  and  developed  a  strong  sense  of  individual  freedom. 
The  family,  with  its  slaves  and  indentured  servants,  was  the  center  of  all  interests — 
a  self-contained  community.  Soon  families  for  miles  around  were  connected 
by  intermarriage, and  a  sort  of  aristocracy  sprang  up — a  democratic  aristocracy. 
Men  began  to  live  easier,  more  expansive  lives;  had  time  for  boundless  hospi- 
tality, horse-racing,  good  clothes,  books,  plate,  and  even  family  portraits.  But 
there  were  few  extravagances;  men  had  gained  sound  judgment,  substantial 
information,  and  varied  capacities  in  administering  their  extensive  affairs  and 
in  keeping  in  touch  with  London  merchants. 

There  is  no  better  evidence  of  this  general  solidarity  of  character  than 
that  found  in  the  old  homes  that  remain.  Some  of  them  are  still  stubbornly 
resisting  change  in  that  most  attractive  life  shaped  long  ago  by  the  rivers  which 
gave  them  intercommunication  and  an  outlet  to  England. 

The  houses,  which  often  possess  just  the  amount  of  architectural  elements 
to  relieve  them  from  dulness,  are  a  naive  version  of  the  Renaissance,  and  owe 
their  general  excellence  to  English  tradition.  Men  were  imbued  with  the 
principles  of  good  building  and  had  a  right  sense  of  materials.  There  was  a 
strongly  marked  insistence  on  a  symmetrical  arrangement  of  features,  but 
the  influence  of  Palladianism  was  not  overwhelming.  There  is  a  quaint  char- 
acter which  one  rarely  finds  as  a  result  of  design.  This  applies  especially  to 
the  smaller  houses,  to  which  class  most  of  those  here  reproduced  belong. 

3 

456 


^^  INDEX    TO 
PLATE     ILLUSTRATIONS 


An  Old  Virginia  Ice-House 

House  on  St.  Mary's  River,  Maryland 

The  Oldest  House  in  Yorktown,  Virginia 

"Kis  Kis  Kiack"  on  the  York  River,  York  County,  Virginia 
House  on  Princess  Anne  Street,  Fredericksburg,  Virginia 

"Tudor  Hall,"  Leonardtown,  Maryland  

House  on  the  Patuxent  River,  St.  Mary's  County,  Maryland 

"The  Plains"  on  the  Patuxent  River,  St.  Mary's  County,  Maryland 

House  on  St.  Mary's  River,  Maryland  

"Toddsbury"  on  the  North  River,  Gloucester  County,  Virginia 

"Larkin's  Hill"  on  the  Rhodes  River,  Anne  Arundel  County,  Maryland 

"Bachelor's  Hope,"  Chaptico  Bay,  St.  Mary's  County,  Maryland 

House  at  Falmouth  on  the  Rappahannock  River,  Stafford  County,  Virginia 


Page 
Frontispiece 
5,    7 
9,  II 

13,15 
17,19 

21,23 

25,27 
29,31 
33,35 
37,39 
41,43 
45,47 
49,51 


HOUSE  ON  ST.  MARY'S  RIVER,  MARYLAND 

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